منابع مشابه
Dynamics of extinction debt across five taxonomic groups
Species extinction following habitat loss is well documented. However, these extinctions do not happen immediately. The biodiversity surplus (extinction debt) declines with some delay through the process of relaxation. Estimating the time constants of relaxation, mainly the expected time to first extinction and the commonly used time for half the extinction debt to be paid off (half-life), is c...
متن کاملcommuting and non -commuting graphs of finit groups
فرض کنیمg یک گروه غیر آبلی متناهی باشد . گراف جابجایی g که با نماد نمایش داده می شود ،گرافی است ساده با مجموعه رئوس که در آن دو راس با یک یال به هم وصل می شوند اگر و تنها اگر . مکمل گراف جابجایی g راگراف نا جابجایی g می نامیم.و با نماد نشان می دهیم. گرافهای جابجایی و ناجابجایی یک گروه متناهی ،اولین بار توسطاردوش1 مطرح گردید ،ولی در سالهای اخیر به طور مفصل در مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفتند . در ،م...
15 صفحه اولCritical debt and debt dynamics
We study the debt dynamics and sustainable debt for an open economy which borrows from abroad in order to "nance consumption. To service the debt the country may exploit a renewable resource. We show that there is for every resource stock R a critical level BH(R) of debt above which debt tends to in"nity but below which it may be steered to zero. We demonstrate how to compute BH(R) using an ODE...
متن کاملGroups and Ultra-groups
In this paper, in addition to some elementary facts about the ultra-groups, which their structure based on the properties of the transversal of a subgroup of a group, we focus on the relation between a group and an ultra-group. It is verified that every group is an ultra-group, but the converse is not true generally. We present the conditions under which, for every normal subultra-group of an u...
متن کاملDebt and Debt Management among Older Adults
Of particular interest in the present economic environment is whether access to credit is changing peoples’ indebtedness over time, particularly as they approach retirement. This project analyzes older individuals’ debt, debt management practices, and financial fragility using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Specifically, we ex...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: European Economic Review
سال: 2006
ISSN: 0014-2921
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.11.001